Morphology & Dependency Copse

The analyzeSyntax method returns details about the linguistic structure of the given text. For each token in the text, the Natural language API provides information most its internal construction (morphology) and its office in the sentence (syntax).

Morphology is the study of the internal structure of words.. Morphology focuses on how the components inside a word (stems, root words, prefixes, suffixes, etc.) are arranged or modified to create different meanings. English, for case, frequently adds "-s" or "-es" to the end of count nouns to indicate plurality, and a "-d" or "-ed" to a verb to point by tense. The suffix "-ly" is added to adjectives to create adverbs (for case, "happy" [adjective] and "happily" [adverb]).

The Natural Linguistic communication API uses morphological analysis to infer grammatical information near words.

Morphology varies greatly between languages. In languages such as Russian, discussion endings point the function of a word in a judgement (for example, "книга" [book - nominative case] becomes "книгу" [accusative case] when it's the straight object of a verb). This means word society tin can vary without changing the pregnant of the judgement, though different word order does impact contextual appropriateness. Languages such as English language and Mandarin, which both lack affixes indicating case, rely more on the word order in a sentence to indicate the respective roles of words. Every bit a result, morphological analysis depends heavily on the source language, and an agreement of what is supported within that language.

Syntax is the report of the structure of phrases and sentences. Syntax and morphology work together to signal grammatical relationships, with different languages dividing the labor between them differently. For case, Russian uses an affix to indicate the office of direct object ("у" in "книгу"), whereas English uses give-and-take order, where the straight object follows the verb (read the book).

The analyzeSyntax response returns morphological information in the partOfSpeech field and the syntactic relationship between words in the dependencyTree field.

Parts of Speech

Inside a syntactic request, office-of-oral communication and morphological data are returned within the response's partOfSpeech field. The partOfSpeech field contains a set of sub-fields with Part-of-Speech (POS) information every bit well as more explicit morphological information. These subfields are listed below.

  • tag denotes the part of speech using a coarse-grained POS tag (Substantive, VERB, etc.), and provides pinnacle-level surface syntax information. POS tags are helpful if y'all want to create patterns and/or reduce ambiguity for subsequent linguistic communication analysis (for example, "train" tagged as a Noun versus a VERB).

  • number denotes a word's grammatical number. In English, the suffix "-s" is added to count nouns to indicate more than one (for example, "dog+s" indicates more than 1 dog). Absence of the plural suffix is ofttimes referred to every bit the singular form. Some languages, such equally Arabic, have the notion of a dual number as well. This field may incorporate the following values:

    • SINGULAR denotes ane quantity.
    • PLURAL denotes more i quantity.
    • DUAL denotes precisely two quantities.

  • person identifies a discussion's grammatical person. In English language, "I/me" is 1st person singular and references the speaker (or author) of the expression, whereas "you" and "she/her and he/him" reference the intended addressee (hearer) and some other person, respectively. This field may incorporate the following values:

    • FIRST person denotes the speaker.
    • SECOND person denotes intended addressee, that is, the person spoken to.
    • Third person denotes non-speaker/not-hearer.
    • REFLEXIVE_PERSON indicates, for case, the subject and the object reference the aforementioned entity, as in "The cat licked itself," where -self attaches to a pronoun to bespeak reflexivity. In Russian and Japanese, the reflexive is a standalone pronoun. (for example, "John loves himself" in Russian is "Джон любит себя" where себя is gender neutral "self"; in Japanese it's "Tarō wa zibun o aisuru" (Romanized version) where "zibun" is gender neutral "self." Meet reflexive pronoun.

  • gender denotes a noun's grammatical gender. This field may incorporate the following values:

    • The FEMININE grammatical gender
    • The MASCULINE grammatical gender
    • The NEUTER grammatical gender

  • case denotes a word's grammatical case and its role in a phrase or judgement. This field may contain the following values::

    • The ACCUSATIVE example indicates the direct object of a transitive verb.
    • The ADVERBIAL instance indicates an adverbial course of an adjective. Notation that English uses separate words adverbs ("well") and adjectives ("good"). The suffix -ly in English does derive adverbs from adjectives (for example, "happy," "happily"), though information technology's not considered a "example".
    • The COMPLEMENTIVE case (Chinese) indicates a discussion necessary to complete the significant of a potential, descriptive, or resultative expression using a conjunctive particle.
    • The DATIVE case indicates an indirect object, which refers to the referent receiving the direct object. In English language, the indirect object is often indicated by the preposition "to" as in the phrase "He gave the ball to Bobby," where "Bobby" is the indirect object, and is the recipient of the ball. Whereas in this Russian case: Иван дал книгу маше (Ivan gave the volume to Masha), "-due east" indicates "маше" is the indirect object, and Masha is the recipient of the volume.
    • The GENITIVE case indicates possession. Note that English oftentimes indicates possession using the "-'s" affix instead of using a genitive example. The "-'south" braze can can attach to the end of a phrase (for example, "[The human who ran the bill up]'south wife paid a dear price for his excess."). Whereas in this Russian example, "-а" marks "Антон-" as genitive: "Где книга Антона?" (Where is Anton's book). In Russian, the genitive example also shows up every bit the complement of words similar "several," "few." For example: Зимой здесь мало снега ("In winter there is piffling snowfall here") "-a" marks "снег-" (snow) as genitive, since it is the complement of "мало" ("piffling"). There is no possession involved.
    • The INSTRUMENTAL case indicates whether a substantive is the instrument by which an action is completed. In Russian, the English sentence, "He opened the door with a cardinal," would be: "он открыл дверь ключом" where "-om" attaches to "ключ" (key) indicating instrumental example.
    • The LOCATIVE case indicates a word's use to refer to a location. English language, does not have a locative case.
    • The NOMINATIVE instance is associated with the discipline of a verb. In English, the subject of a sentence is indicated through word order, not case. In the sentence, "The daughter won the race," the phrase "the girl" is the bailiwick, appearing to the left of the verb, "won." In Russian, девушка (the/a girl) tin announced either before or after the verb: "девушка выиграла гонку" or "гонку выиграла девушка", where the verb is выиграла (won).
    • The OBLIQUE instance indicates a word's utilise as an object to either a verb or preposition.
    • The PARTITIVE case indicates a word's "partialness" or lack of specific identity. An case of a partitive in English would exist "3 of my friends." In Russian, this would exist "трое моих друзей" where "трое" is "three of" (compare with "три друга" where "три" is "three").
    • The PREPOSITIONAL case indicates the object of a preposition.
    • The REFLEXIVE_CASE indicates the identity of an object of a verb to its subject area. Virtually languages do not use a reflexive case, every bit this usage is indicated through utilize of special reflexive pronouns instead (such equally "himself", "myself", etc.")
    • The RELATIVE_CASE (Chinese) indicates the complementizer of a relative clause connecting a noun with a verb or describing word. Examples: 工作 [的] 地方 (work [] place :: "place [where I] work"). 便宜 的 餐馆 (inexpensive [] restaurants :: restaurants [that are] inexpensive).
    • The VOCATIVE case indicates a noun existence used to accost someone or something, commonly when spoken to.

  • tense denotes a verb's grammatical tense, which indicates the verb's reference to a position in time. Note that tense is distinct from aspect, which besides deals with a verb'south relationship to fourth dimension, but focuses on the characteristics of that time menses, rather than its position. The IMPERFECT and PLUPERFECT tenses in many languages more than accurately refer to specific combinations of tense and attribute. This field may contain the following values:

    • CONDITIONAL_TENSE is an alternate term for the more prevalent morphological term of "conditional mood." (See CONDITIONAL_MOOD below.)
    • Futurity denotes an activity taking place in the future. Note that in English, the future tense is well-nigh often denoted by adding the word "will" to a verb phrase.
    • PAST denotes an action taking place in the past.
    • PRESENT denotes an action taking identify in the present.
    • IMPERFECT denotes an activity taking place in the past, but which was not completed at that tense's frame of reference. Note that in English language, the imperfect tense is most ofttimes denoted past adding a gerund class of a verb to the by tense every bit in "I was walking." An imperfect tense result takes place in the past, simply is not completed relative to that past tense.
    • PLUPERFECT denotes an action that has taken place in the past, and was also completed at that tense's frame of reference. For instance, "I had walked" takes place in the past, but was also consummate during the by tense's frame of reference.

  • aspect denotes a verb's grammatical aspect, its expression of time flow. Unlike tense, which focuses on a verb's position within time, aspect focuses on the characteristics of that time menstruation where it occurs. This field may contain the post-obit values:

    • The PERFECTIVE attribute denotes an event that is "completed" either because information technology has completely happened in the by or will completely happen in the future.
    • The IMPERFECTIVE aspect denotes an event that is incomplete, either because it is continuous or because it is repeated.
    • The PROGRESSIVE aspect denotes an upshot that is continuous. A progressive aspect is generally treated equally a special case of the more full general imperfective attribute (which also covers repetition).

  • mood denotes a verb's grammatical mood, which indicates attitude near an underlying activity. This field may contain the following values:

    • CONDITIONAL_MOOD indicates an activity which is contingent. Note that in English, verb forms are not provisional; instead, conditional behavior is noted through employ of the give-and-take "would" combined with the verb's infinitive.
    • IMPERATIVE indicates a command or request through the second person.
    • INDICATIVE indicates a statement of fact, more mostly known as a "realis mood."
    • INTERROGATIVE indicates a question.
    • JUSSIVE indicates a command or request through either the get-go or third person. English does non have a jussive mood, though exhortations that begin with a existent or unsaid "Let us" convey this jussive mood.
    • SUBJUNCTIVE indicates a quality of uncertainty related to an action, besides known equally an "irrealis" mood (contrasted with the "realis" indicative mood). English does not have a specific subjunctive mood; instead, words such as "want", "wish", "hope", etc. convey the import of the subjunctive mood.

  • vox denotes a verb'southward grammatical vocalism, the human relationship between an action and a subject and/or object. This field may contain the post-obit values:

    • ACTIVE voice indicates an action whose subject is performing the action.
    • CAUSATIVE vocalization indicates an action whose outcome is existence performed on the subject. In English, no straight causative voice exists; instead, such causation is indicated through employ of the verb "make", every bit in "Mom made me go to school."
    • PASSIVE voice indicates an activity whose outcome is being performed on the subject. In many cases, a passive "agent" is unspoken or unknown.

  • reciprocity denotes a give-and-take's (typically a pronoun's) reciprocity, indicating the pronoun refers to a substantive phrase elsewhere inside the judgement. This field may contain the following values:

    • RECIPROCAL indicates the pronoun is reciprocal.
    • NON_RECIPROCAL indicates the pronoun is not reciprocal.

  • proper denotes whether a noun is function of a proper name. Note that many proper names consist of several words; if this phrase is detected as a proper proper noun, each token will be detected every bit proper equally well. (For example, both "Wrigley" and "Field" in the proper name "Wrigley Field" volition accept their proper attribute fix to PROPER. This field may contain the following values:

    • PROPER denotes that the token is part of a proper name.
    • NOT_PROPER denotes that the token is not part of a name.

  • class denotes boosted morphological forms that don't neatly fit into the previous set of mutual forms (tense,mood,person, etc.) Almost of these forms are specific to unique languages. This field may contain the following values:

    • ADNOMIAL (Korean/Japanese) indicates a word ending (Korean) or verb (Japanese) that modifies a noun phrase. Examples: 밥을 먹는 사람 [someone who eats rice] and 書く人 [someone who writes].
    • AUXILIARY (Korean) indicates a word ending that connects 2 adjacent master and auxiliary predicates: 밥을 먹게 하다 [brand (someone) to eat]
    • COMPLEMENTIZER (Korean) indicates a discussion ending that connects two or more different clauses: 밥을 먹고 물을 마신다 [ (I) eat rice and potable water]
    • FINAL_ENDING (Korean/Japanese) indicates a word catastrophe that finalizes the clause or sentence coming at the stop of the clause or judgement. Examples: 밥을 먹는다 [(I) eat rice] and 手紙を書く [write a letter].
    • GERUND (Korean/Japanese) indicates a discussion ending that nominalizes verbs or adjectives: (Korean) 밥 먹기 [eating rice] or connects verbs with various auxiliary verbs: (Japanese) 書きたい [desire to write]
    • REALIS (Japanese) indicates conditional and subjunctive forms with a conjunctive particle "ば": 書けば [if (I) write].
    • IRREALIS (Japanese) indicates connecting verbs with negative, passive, or causative auxiliary verbs: 書かない [do not write], 書かれる [to exist written], 書かせる [make (someone) write].
    • ORDER (Japanese) indicates a command verb, similar to imperitive: 書け! [write!]
    • SPECIFIC (Japanese) indicates special forms that cannot be covered past the six categories to a higher place. The almost common use of this form is a derivation of a substantive from an adjective by calculation a suffix to the grade: かわいさ [cuteness]
    • Curt (Russian) indicates a brusk-course adjective or participle.
    • LONG (Russian) indicates a long-form adjective or participle, as singled-out from the above Brusk form.

Note that the Natural Linguistic communication API provides morphological information on a per-token ground (not per phrase). Morphological constructs that cross discussion boundaries may non be supported.

Dependency trees

Inside a syntactic request, function-of-speech and morphological information are returned within the response's partOfSpeech field.

For each judgement inside the text provided to the Natural Language API for syntactic assay, the API constructs a dependency tree that describes the syntactic structure of that judgement. The syntactic information are returned within the response's dependencyEdge field.

A diagram of the dependency tree for this single sentence from John F. Kennedy's Inaugural speech communication appears below:

For each token, the dependencyEdge chemical element identifies which other token it modifies (in the headTokenIndex field) and the syntactic human relationship between this token and its head token (in the label field). For example, hither is the dependencyEdge element for the token "your" in (the first occurrence of) the phrase "your country":

                                          "dependencyEdge": {         "headTokenIndex": 4,         "label": "POSS"       },

This element indicates that "your" modifies the fifth token (headTokenIndex uses a zero-based showtime) and that it is a possessive modifier.

Every dependency tree includes a ROOT element ("label": ROOT), which corresponds to the primary verb in the sentence. In the above example, the ROOT chemical element happens to be the first word in the sentence ("headTokenIndex": 0). For the ROOT word "Inquire", the headTokenIndex is its own index.

Although parse trees practice non cross judgement boundaries, the Natural Language API indexes sentences and tokens using zero-based offset values within the text as a whole.

The Tongue API labels syntactic relationships using a common set up of dependencies that apply across the supported languages. The labels are described beneath. In example text, "Head" and the label appear below the tokens to which they apply.

Label Description
UNKNOWN Unknown human relationship
ABBREV An abbreviation of the caput token.
British Broadcasting Company (BBC)                      Head     ABBREV
ACOMP An adjectival phrase that functions as a complement (similar an object of the verb). This relation specifically includes `exist` copula constructions with adjective predicates. 
The book looks heavy.          Head  ACOMP  The volume is   heavy.          Head ACOMP
The tag also applies to non-statement adjective adjuncts and in raising constructions with adjectival predicates. 
She arrived distressing.     Head    ACOMP  I consider John intelligent.   Head          ACOMP
ADVCL An adverbial clause modifying a verb, such as a temporal clause, upshot, conditional clause, or purpose clause.
The accident happened as the nighttime was falling.              Head                      ADVCL  If y'all know who did it, you lot should tell the instructor.        ADVCL                       Head  He talked to him in order to secure the account.    Head                      ADVCL
ADVPHMOD Adverbial phrase modifier (Japanese)
ADVMOD A (non-clausal) adverb or adverbial phrase that serves to modify the significant of a word.
Genetically modified nutrient. ADVMOD      Caput  less   often ADVMOD Head  About  200 people came to the party. ADVMOD Head
AMOD An adjectival phrase that serves to modify the pregnant of a noun phrase.
Sam eats ruby-red  meat.          AMOD Caput  Sam took out a three one thousand thousand dollar loan.                          AMOD   Head
APPOS A noun phrase immediately to the correct of another noun phrase, with the second phrase serving to define or modify the first.
Sam, my blood brother, arrived. Head    APPOS  Bill (John's cousin) Head         APPOS
ATTR A nominal phrase headed past a copular verb. Note that ``ATTR`` is unlike from ``ACOMP`` in that the dependent is a noun phrase, not an adjective.
He is  a doctor.    Head ATTR  She resembles her female parent.     Caput          ATTR
In questions, the wh-pronoun or the substantive in the wh-phrase is in the ``ATTR`` relation to the ``ROOT``. 
What is  your name? ATTR Caput     NSUBJ  What breed is   the dog?      ATTR  Head     NSUBJ
Raising constructions with nominal predicates also use the ``ATTR`` relation. 
I consider John an intelligent person.   Caput                         ATTR
AUX A non-main verb, such as a modal auxiliary or a form of ``be``, ``do``, or ``accept`` in a periphrastic tense. Excludes the utilise of ``exist`` as an auxiliary in a passive construction.
Reagan has died.        AUX Head  He should leave.    AUX    Caput
AUXPASS A not-main verb of a clause in the passive voice.
Kennedy has been    killed.         AUX AUXPASS Head  Kennedy was/got killed.         AUXPASS Head
CC The relation between an element of a conjunct and the coordinating conjunction. One conjunct of a conjunction (commonly the first) is treated as the head of the conjunction.
Nib is big  and honest.         Caput CC  They either ski  or snowboard.             Head CC  Bill went to Florida but Jane traveled to Alaska.      Caput            CC
CCOMP A dependent clause with an internal subject that functions like an object of the verb or adjective.
He says that you similar  to swim.    Caput          CCOMP  I am certain that he did   it.      Head            CCOMP  I admire the fact that you lot are   honest.              Head          CCOMP
CONJ The relation between two elements connected by a coordinating conjunction, such every bit ``and`` or ``or``. The head of the relation is the get-go conjunct and other conjunctions depend on it via the ``conj`` relation.
Bill is big and honest.         Head    CONJ  They either ski  or snowboard.             Head    CONJ  We take apples, pears, oranges, and bananas.         DOBJ    CONJ   CONJ         CONJ
CSUBJ A clausal syntactic subject of a clause; that is, the subject is itself a clause ("What she said" in the example below).
What she said  makes sense.          CSUBJ Head
CSUBJPASS A clausal syntactic subject of a passive clause.
That she lied was suspected by everyone.          CSUBJ    Head
DEP The arrangement is unable to determine a more than precise dependency relation between 2 words.
Then, as if  to show that he could, . . .          DEP    Head  travel agency florence kentucky        Head   DEP
DET The relation between the head of a noun phrase and its determiner.
The homo is hither. DET Head  Which book do you prefer? DET   Head
Soapbox Interjections and other soapbox elements that are not conspicuously linked to the construction of the sentence, except in an expressive mode. Examples are interjections (``'oh'``, ``'uh-huh'``, ``'Welcome'``), fillers (``'um'``, ``'ah'``), and discourse markers (``'well'``, ``'like'``, ``'actually'``, only not ``'you know'``).
Iguazu is   in Argentina :)        Caput              Soapbox
DOBJ The noun phrase that is the ([accusative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusative_case)) object of a verb.
She gave me a raise.     Head      DOBJ  They win  the lottery.      Head     DOBJ
EXPL Pleonastic nominal. In English, this is some uses of ``it`` and ``there``: the existential ``in that location``, and ``it`` when used in extraposition constructions. An expletive or pleonastic nominal is one where the nominal does not satisfy a semantic role of the predicate. In languages with expletives, they can be positioned in the subject and direct object slots.
There is   a ghost in the room. EXPL  Head   NSUBJ  It   is clear that nosotros should reject. EXPL Caput
GOESWITH Links two parts of a word that are separated in text.
IOBJ The noun phrase that is the ([dative](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dative_case)) indirect object of a verb.
She gave me   a present.     Head IOBJ   DOBJ
Marking The word introducing a finite or non-finite subordinate clause, such every bit ``'that'`` or ``'whether'``. The head is the caput of the subordinate clause.
Forces engaged in fighting after insurgents attacked.                            MARK             Head  He says that y'all like to swim.         MARK     Head
MWE Ane of the two relations (alongside ``NN``) for compounding. Information technology is used for certain fixed grammaticized expressions with function words that behave like a unmarried function discussion. Multiword expressions are annotated in a apartment, head-initial construction, in which all words in the expression alter the kickoff one using the ``MWE`` label.
I like dogs equally   well as  cats.             Caput MWE  MWE  He cried because of  you lot.          Head    MWE
MWV Multi-discussion exact expression.
NEG The relation between a negation discussion and the give-and-take it modifies.
Bill is    non a scientist.      Head  NEG  Pecker is no  scientist.         NEG Head
NN Any substantive that serves to change the head noun.
phone book NN    Head  oil price futures NN  NN    Head
NPADVMOD A noun phrase used as an adverbial modifier.
The manager is 65 years    old.                    NPADVMOD Head  6 anxiety     long     NPADVMOD Head  Shares eased a fraction.        Head    NPADVMOD  The silence is itself   significant.                NPADVMOD Head  90% of Australians like him, the virtually     of whatever land.                    Head          NPADVMOD
NSUBJ A noun phrase that is the syntactic subject of a clause.
Clinton defeated Dole. NSUBJ   Head  The baby  is   beautiful     NSUBJ Head
NSUBJPASS A noun phrase that is the syntactic subject of a passive clause.
Dole       was defeated by Clinton. NSUBJPASS      Head
NUM Whatever number phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the noun with a quantity.
Sam ate three sheep.         NUM   Caput
NUMBER Office of a number phrase.
I have iv   g sheep.        NUMBER Caput
P Any slice of punctuation in a clause.
PARATAXIS The parataxis relation (from Greek for "identify side by side") is a relation between a give-and-take (oft the principal predicate of a sentence) and other elements placed adjacent without whatever explicit coordination, subordination, or statement relation with the head word. Parataxis is a discourse-like equivalent of coordination.
Let's face up it we're annoyed. Head                PARATAXIS  The guy, John said,     left early on in the forenoon.               PARATAXIS Head
PARTMOD Participial modifier
PCOMP Used when the complement of a preposition is a clause or prepositional phrase (or occasionally, an adverbial phrase).
We have no data on   whether users are   at hazard.                        Head               PCOMP  They heard about you missing classes.            Head      PCOMP
POBJ The head of a noun phrase following a preposition or the adverbs ``'here'`` and ``'there'``.
I saturday on   the chair.       Head     POBJ  What does CPR stand up for? POBJ                Caput
POSS A possessive determiner or [genitive](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitive_case) modifier.
their offices POSS  Head  Bill's clothes. POSS   Head
POSTNEG Postverbal negative particle
PRECOMP Predicate complement
PRECONJ A word that appears at the start bracketing a conjunction, such every bit ``'either'``, ``'both'``, ``'neither'``).
Both    the boys and the girls are here. PRECONJ     Caput
PREDET A discussion that precedes and modifies the meaning of a noun phrase determiner.
All    the boys are hither. PREDET     Caput
PREF Prefix
PREP Whatever prepositional phrase that serves to modify the pregnant of a verb, describing word, substantive, or even another preposition.
I saw a cat  in   a hat.         Head PREP  I saw  a cat with a telescope.   Caput       PREP  He is responsible for  meals.       Head        PREP
PRONL The human relationship between a verb and verbal morpheme (French)
PRT A verb particle.
They shut down the station.      Head PRT  He would not put  up  with information technology.              Head PRT
PS Associative or possessive marker
QUANTMOD Quantifier phrase modifier
RCMOD A link from a substantive to the verb which heads a relative clause.
I saw the man  yous love.           Head     RCMOD  the book that you bought     Head          RCMOD  Bong, a visitor which is based in LA, makes and distributes computer products.         Head             RCMOD
RCMODREL Complementizer in relative clause (Chinese)
RDROP Ellipsis without a preceding predicate (Japanese)
REF Referent (Hindi)
REMNANT Used for ellipsis.
John won statuary, Mary silver, and Sandy aureate.          Head         REMNANT           REMNANT
REPARANDUM Indicates disfluencies overridden in a speech communication repair.
Become to         the righ- to   the left.    REPARANDUM           Caput
ROOT The root of the sentence. In vast majority of cases it is a verb.
SNUM Suffix specifying a unit of number(Japanese)
SUFF Suffix
TMOD A bare substantive phrase elective that serves to modify the pregnant of the elective by specifying a time. ``TMOD`` captures temporal points and duration; it does not capture repetition (``'two times'``, which would be an ``'NPADVMOD'``).
Last night, I swam in the pool.      TMOD     Head
TOPIC Topic marker (Chinese)
VMOD A clause headed by an space form of the verb.
Berries gathered on this side of the mountain are sweeter. Head    VMOD  He sat  in the armchair reading the morning newspaper.    Head                 VMOD  I have nothing to say  to them.        Head       VMOD
VOCATIVE Marks a dialogue participant addressed in text (common in emails and newsgroup postings).
Anna,    can you bring a tent? VOCATIVE         Head
XCOMP A clausal complement without its own subject, whose reference is determined by an external discipline.
He says that you similar to swim.                  Caput    XCOMP  I am ready to go out.      Head     XCOMP
SUFFIX Name suffix
TITLE Proper name title
AUXCAUS Causative auxiliary (Japanese)
AUXVV Helper auxiliary (Japanese)
DTMOD Rentaishi (Prenominal modifier)
Foreign Foreign words
KW Keyword
LIST List for chains of comparable items
NOMC Nominalized clause
NOMCSUBJ Nominalized clausal subject
NOMCSUBJPASS Nominalized clausal passive
NUMC Compound of numeric modifier (Japanese)
COP Copula (Spanish)
DISLOCATED Dislocated relation (for fronted/topicalized elements)
ASP Attribute marking
GMOD Genitive modifier
GOBJ Genitive object
INFMOD Infinitival modifier
MES Measure out
NCOMP Nominal complement of a noun

For more information about dependency trees, consult the Universal Dependency Treebank project. In add-on, Universal Dependency Annotation for Multilingual Processing contains groundwork data on the methodology used to interpret such a dependency tree.

Parsing a syntactic assay response

The following pseudo-code provides a mutual pattern to use when performing iterative operations on the syntactic analysis response:

alphabetize = 0   for sentence in self.sentences:     content  = sentence['text']['content']     sentence_begin = judgement['text']['beginOffset']     sentence_end = sentence_begin + len(content) - 1     while index < len(self.tokens) and cocky.tokens[index]['text']['beginOffset'] <= sentence_end:       # This token is in this sentence       index += 1